Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) can occur following solid organ transplants or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with blood disorders, malignancies, immunodeficiencies or inherited metabolic diseases. Approximately 40-60% of recipients receiving allogenic HSCT from donors develop GvHD. It is a T-cell mediated process from the recipient due to tissue antigen mismatches between major or minor histocompatibility antigens. This complication can be acute or chronic in onset, affecting multiple organs and body systems including the eyes – also known as ocular graft-versus-host disease.

Winning "Best Presentation" at an international conference is a rewarding achievement, but it’s not just about the recognition—it’s a reflection of your ability to communicate impactful research effectively. At the 27th European Association for Vision and Eye Research (EVER) Congress in Valencia, I had the privilege of presenting my work on orbital abscesses, which earned me the award for Best Presentation in the Immunology/Microbiology section. This experience taught me valuable lessons on how to craft and deliver an award-winning presentation.

Eye transplantation has long been one of the most complex goals in medical science due to the intricate structure of the eye and its vital connections to the brain. While advances have been made in partial transplants like corneal grafts, the prospect of full eye transplantation has remained largely theoretical. However, recent developments, including the first whole eye transplant attempt in May 2023, have brought this ambitious goal closer to realisation. This article explores the current state of eye transplants, the advancements that have enabled recent breakthroughs, and the potential future of this field.

The medical contact lens and ocular surface association (MCLOSA) held their 30th annual meeting in the first week of December in 2024. This was a one-day event that allowed for good exposure in the fields of corneal and lens pathologies, an opportunity to network and an excellent insight into new research by viewing abstract and poster submissions related to topics of this association.

Simulation-based education has emerged as a cornerstone in training junior doctors and trainees in ophthalmology, enabling them to acquire essential practical skills in a controlled, risk-free environment. This guide provides educators with a structured framework for designing, implementing, and evaluating simulation sessions. By addressing pre-simulation preparation, the simulation activity itself, and post-simulation debriefing, this article ensures a comprehensive approach to fostering competency and confidence among trainees.

My journey into ophthalmology began with a singular, transformative experience during my medical training. A scheduled surgical observation session at a tertiary centre in Northwest England proved to be the catalyst for my professional aspirations. While some colleagues discover their calling through extensive exploration across various specialties, my path crystallized during a single procedure. Observing a phacoemulsification surgery—a routine operation for experienced ophthalmologists—revealed the precision and artistry of the field to me as a 22-year-old medical student.

Undertaking an ophthalmology elective was one of the most valuable experiences of my medical school journey. Whether you're considering a career in ophthalmology or simply exploring the field, an elective offers far more than clinical exposure. It provides a unique opportunity for personal and professional growth, immersing you in an unfamiliar environment, embracing cultural nuances, and deepening your understanding of eye care delivery across different healthcare systems. During my elective at the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, I gained exposure to a wide range of ophthalmic conditions, assisted in clinics, observed specialised surgeries, and contributed to a project on low-vision aids. This experience was truly eye-opening, and in this reflection, I’ll share my insights on what worked, what didn’t, and what I wish I’d known before embarking on this journey.

As I started the day meeting a patient living with advanced cataracts in both eyes, I was struck by the life-altering impact of vision loss. This defining moment underscored the invaluable role of accessible ophthalmic care, a reality I witnessed first-hand at the Railway Hospitals of Madurai, India. The Railway Hospitals of Madurai, India, provide a captivating setting for an elective experience abroad.

The exposure to Ophthalmology in the author’s undergraduate medical training was quite limited. Worldwide, the time spent in ophthalmology courses is decreasing, with the longest exposure by continent being recorded in Africa, with the shortest being recorded in North America. Visualisation of the back of the eye may be paramount to an inexperienced resident doctor’s job, where the ability to perform a simple technique such as fundoscopy may help to rule out raised intracranial pressure by checking for signs such as papilloedema.

The UKEGS annual meeting in 2024 was a 2-day event held in the beautiful coastal city of Southampton, in the National Oceanographic Centre, celebrating 50 years. The UKEGS conference provided an exciting opportunity to listen to interesting cases related to Glaucoma from reputable speakers, gain an insight into technological advances within this field, view posters on display and more importantly have an opportunity to interact and associate with giants within the field of Glaucoma.