paediatric Archives - Journal of the Foundations of Ophthalmology

Diagnosis and Management of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease in a Paediatric Patient: A Case Report

Post published:October 11, 2022
Reading time:18 mins read
Post author:Shi Pei Loo, Kenneth Gilmour, Hashnuhana Soma Chakrabarti
Post category:Article

Posterior uveitis is an uncommon cause of severe visual loss in the paediatric population, usually secondary to macular scarring or secondary glaucoma (1-3). Infectious aetiologies, such as toxoplasma and toxocara, are the most common and are usually associated with classical fundal examination findings (1, 3). Non-infectious causes are less common and can be a diagnostic challenge. We report an atypical presentation of an uncommon disease, particularly so in a paediatric population, with the potential for severe visual impairment if not diagnosed early and managed aggressively.

Retinopathy of Prematurity: An Overview

Post published:September 4, 2022
Reading time:8 mins read
Post author:Imran Karim Janmohamed
Post category:Article

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an ophthalmic disorder that arises in premature infants, particularly those born before 32 weeks gestation, or who weigh less than 1,500 grams at birth. In many children, it is mild and presents no problems, but can also be severe and lead to blindness. In the 1940s, it was the leading cause of blindness in children in the US and, unfortunately, it still remains a leading cause of blindness in children worldwide.

Neonatal examination of the eye: an overview

Post published:March 30, 2022
Reading time:12 mins read
Post author:Imran Karim Janmohamed
Post category:Article

Eyesight is often regarded as the most valuable human sense. Thus, the identification and prevention of ophthalmic pathologies in neonates is a key component of the newborn examination in order to commence the management of ophthalmic conditions before they persist and lead to irreversible damage. In the UK, the standard Newborn Infant Physical Examination (NIPE) comprises an assessment of the eye in order to identify features such as abnormal eye movements, decreased visual acuity and symmetry of gaze that may point to early pathologies. As practitioners, it is important to identify signs that warrant further specialist examination, with appropriate follow-up, or features that can actually be normal in infants and children to reassure parents and caregivers. This article aims to provide an overview of this examination.

Retinoblastoma: An Overview

Post published:December 4, 2021
Reading time:5 mins read
Post author:Mussa Adil Butt
Post category:Article

Retinoblastoma is the most common childhood intraocular cancer. It originates from a mutation of the retinoblastoma (RB1) gene, a tumour-suppressor gene. Infants are usually diagnosed through an incidental finding of leukocoria. The disease is classified by size, location and number of tumours and it is used to determine treatment. Management includes surgery, radiotherapy, photocoagulation and chemotherapy. Early diagnosis and treatment is key to preserving vision and therefore a thorough understanding of the condition is important.