Fuch’s endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a progressive inherited endothelial dystrophy. It is characterized by the formation of guttae in Descemet’s membrane and corneal oedema. It remains a significant cause of visual loss worldwide. This article aims to provide an overview of the aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation and advances in treatment.

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common vascular disease of the retina after diabetic retinopathy, with a growing global burden. In 2008, an estimated 16.4 million people were affected worldwide, increasing to 28.06 million by 2013. Of these cases, 23.38 million involved branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), while 4.67 million were due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). RVO occurs when the retinal veins become blocked, leading to fluid accumulation, haemorrhages, and potential vision impairment. It is broadly classified into central and branch occlusions, each with distinct clinical features and implications. Understanding these differences is essential for timely diagnosis and effective treatment. This article explores their causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and prognoses.

The profound impact of photophobia on daily life is undeniable, but there's hope in the form of modern eyewear solutions, where health and fashion converge. For those with severe photophobia, protective sunglasses are a lifeline outdoors. However, experts like the NHS warn against using them indoors, as doing so can actually heighten light sensitivity over time. With a variety of conditions—ranging from dry eyes and migraines to traumatic brain injuries—worsening this sensitivity, the demand for eyewear that is both functional and fashionable has never been more crucial!